Textile Fiber and Its properties

Textile Fiber : A fiber or staple fiber is a unit of mater which is usually at least 100 times longer than it is thick.

Usually fibers are several thousand times longer than they are thick. Most apparel fibers range in length from about 15 mm to 150 mm.

Properties of Fiber : We saw three types of properties according to the fiber properties for a textile fiber. There are a lot of characteristic in the textile fibers. But it is characterized as three basic characterization. They are the Physical properties, Chemical properties and therefore the Mechanical properties of Textile fiber.

1. Physical Properties :

• Length ----------Staple  (15mm - 150 mm)
• Fineness ---------- Length : Width = 1000:1
• Cross Sectional Shape
• Crimp
• Density

2. Mechanical Properties :

• Strength (Tenacity) (P.S.I)
• Elasticity (Recovery percentage)
• Extensibility (Breaking Extension)
• Rigidity (Stiffness)

3. Chemical Properties :

• Solubility in aquas and organic solvent.

Useful properties of another hind desired in a textile fiber are indicated bellow.
                   a. Behavior towards dyes.
                   b. Ability to moisture absorption
                   c. Resistance to deteriorating influence including; light, thermal stability, resistance to bacteria, mildow moth and other destructive insect, corrosive chemicals.

Chemical Properties of Cotton:

1. Cellulose --------------------------------------------- 85.5 %
2. Oil, Wax ----------------------------------------------- 0.5 %
3. Protein, Pectoses and coloring matter------------------ 05.0 %
4. Moisture Regain ---------------------------------------08.5 %
5. Mineral Water -----------------------------------------01.0 %